Gardner's Beacon, Vol XV, No 2

This issue of Gardner's Beacon continues our interest in regular presentation of ongoing work as well as reviews of common interests. ...

Topics:

Annual review, 

by quarters

...

GB XV, 2 (PDF w/links)

... image ... 

Mobile-friendly issue of

GB XV, 2  

See Vol. XV, No. 2 (point to 1 for now) of Gardner's Beacon for links to Sources.

Remarks: Modified: 12/30/2025

12/30/2025 --  

Overland mail

TL;DR -- Bunker Hill West was on our sights early as we looked at the progress of New England's influence into the west coast. We noted that a coach company had facilities there and that the journey for some arriving had started in St. Louis and was going up to San Francisco. That route was covered in both directions. There is a group that has been documenting the company and its involvement. One of the investors was of a Gardner family. We went to look for information about him which we will report. This post is an introduction to Overland Mail as an initiative of the U.S. government starting early. 

--- 

As earlier posts mentioned, we used the isolation of the COVID times to pay more attention to the interior of the country. We got started with the naval activities, such as coastal attempts at colonies, fishing in the waters over here every year with the expectation of going back with some dried fish, and more. Too, the naval history of New England is rich prior to the Revolution which is facing its 250th lookback and after with the proliferation of companies related to shipping. 

In those earlier times, western movement didn't go much beyond New York. Though, early on, locations like Ipswich MA sponsored migration as best they could. Except, there were the wanderers even prior to the Revolution. Northern movement down to the area of Arkansas was going on about the same time that northern New England was getting its start. Even the west saw Europeans coming into the area even before Lewis & Clark's venture. 

Once the U.S. was born, it took a generation for activity in the west to reach a level of interest with St. Louis MO as a focus area. Much of the western traffic moved through that area, partly due its proximity to where the Ohio river joined up with the Mississippi. But, there was naval access to the west coast, as well before the Gold Rush of California. Some of this was due to Hawaii being a stopover point for sailing the Pacific. We intend to look further into that theme.

But, with land movement, we can map out areas and time frames. Jedediah Strong Smith was a focus due to his going out west through St. Louis (1820s when MO became a State) and then his extensive journeying in the west, including a stint in the LA area when it was still under Spanish rule. 

It was about then that we bcause aware of the St. Louis to San Francisco (LA_SF) coach route. Our focus was mostly about LA due to it being a stopover on the trail going to  San Francisco. The image shows DTLA in 1900 which a view toward what became known as Bunker Hill West which was named by a displaced New Englander. 

1900 scene, of Bunker Hill West
where Overland Trail coaches
came in, for relief of passengers
and sources (horses)

Recently, we noticed that there have been more publications on a website on the subject with information related to the LA_SF jaunt. More information has also been provided about the TX to SF part of the trip. Now, the eastern portion has better coverage is getting attention: Missouri, Arkansas, and Oklahoma (with respect to the Overland Mail). For instance, AR is mountainous. One thing passenger were requied to do was get out and walk with the coach as it was slowly moved through the hilly areas. 

States in the area. Kansas had a lot of east west traffic. One research provided lots of information and commentary on that state's support for Overland Mail  (as it is seen in KS). That is now the name of this activity which denotes the main purpose plus the involvement with the U.S. government. St. Louis had heavy activity as the country was divided and sold throughout the west. 

Other states involved were TX, NM and AZ in the south. We will be looking at other views on Overland Mail as the Pony Express came to be for that specific purpose and ran across the northern states.  

People? The group devoted to the history and preservation of the Overland Mail route (that is associated with Butterfield - who never put his name on the venture) (The Historic Butterfield Overland Trail in Arizona) has done remarkable research. We are fortunate in that area. One of their latest ventures is to identify the employees who saw to it that the coach made it from MO to northern CA. The infrastructure was astoundingly complicated. 

In terms of comparison, we have a post that shows how the 21 days (3 weeks) of one way of this journey compared to other situation. For instance, the same amount of time was taken for a portion of the trip by wagon train from Independence MO (across KS and NM) to Sante Fe NM. Fort Lanerd KS is on the trail and 3 weeks away from the start. 

We made contact with the Butterfield group. There was a query. One of the investors was named James V P Gardner. Who was he? On a quick look, we identified one resource from the late 1800s that suggested that he was from a New England family. James V P Gardner (son of Daniel (6) - James Van der Poel Gardner -- as descendant of George of Rhode Island) would be a cousin of the Gardiner for whom the city in Maine was named. Too, he would have been related to the Gardiner who owned the ship that wrecked off the coast of Oregon in 1850. 

We will post what we know about James V P Gardner as a preliminary report from which we will build something adequate to serve as a truthful basis for information about him. 

The information from TGS, Inc. efforts is being provided now with the caveat that we need to look further into sound/solid provenance of the sources that are used. Bringing in another factor? Technology of late has seen itself contributing more to disinformation than to information. The theme is on our watchlist and is (will be) an actual focus for the TGS, Inc. at all levels. 

John likes to use this example: From the top, we have folks of huge cachet for whom History has lots ot say; getting modern, we have the top-level offices of the G-Suite (military) and the C-Suite (the industrial/commercial part of the activity); then the huge middle management realm; down to the workers and users of whatever the economy is about in terms of keeping the modern life viable. At each level, there is no one truth that can be said to be accurate from top to bottom. Or from bottom to top. 

The computer has both helped and hindered attempts at briding the gaps. Of late, things have been more problematic than necessary for various reasons. John jokes about buckets'o'bits and their misleading clouds, though many are working to make things more stable and sustainable. We all can help. 

So, with respect to our research and reports, we will keep the "shining light on the hill" (Winthrop) in mind. Too, our site will be "bespoke" for many reasons with the goal of providing a "portal to truth" which notion comes from the mid-2010s as we incorporated in order to organize future efforts.  

About sources? We have them. For Gardner Beacon issues over the fifteen volumes, we started with a Bibliography and Source page. However, we started to provide links from the issues to posts from this blog. However, we are looking into a better organization of our several blogs for proper curation of sources. 

Note 1: The information about J V P Gardner and his life looks good, even though we need to check the provenance of the pedigree. There are many extant documents that will support this work. This Note will be updated when the post about J VP Gardner is published. 

Note 2: The following photo is more apropos being from the correct period. The Bella Union Hotel had roots back to the 1830s. The Wikipedia page has some of the history. 

Old LA and the U.S. 
(Wikipedia) 

This is east of Temple and Main Streets. Temple runs up into Bunker Hill West. 

Remarks: Modified: 12/23/2025

12/23/2025 --

Welsh poems

TL;DR -- After a long list of caveats which are not complete, we push a link to Dave T Gardner's post on Welsh poems that are pertinent to his work on Gardiner history. Our interest deals with the topic of "All things Gardner" and the emergence of a vogue of advance software that needs attention.  

--

Caveats, first (this is without links; but everything mentioned here has been covered, at least for starters; I'll get back and put in links. In the below, I'll use LLM to refer to the systems to be described further with respect to the pros and cons.): 

• Prolog: This work of David T Gardner is being enabled via computation which is effective when done right. Can we say that yet? Well, we don't have to wait as the work has decades behind it. What's new is that this thing that everyone else calls AI (and I call it AIn't, for various reasons) allows years of effort that accumulated progressive means to culminate in potential that we dreamed of. DTG has given himself a couple of years to establish provenance in a manner that bears scrutiny. We'll help him do that. In the meantime, read this as you would an overview that borders upon truth yet it is not a mere reach of the imagination. The following is John's take on the matter. 
• 1 --- there ain't no critter in the computer in terms of something that Ma Nature dreamt up or that is there latently and has been waiting to emerge. As in, Musk joked of summoning the demons which bears on metaphysics (more below). But, we can describe this phenomenon to a large extent now that there are many examples (from ChatGPT to Gemini to others) to observe, test, measure, and whatever. Good old science is the key here, and it will be beyond physics. 
• 2 --- we are witnessing computational prowess of an unprecented nature with regard to size and extent. Yet, we knew all of this stuff before, either individually or collectively. In most cases, the tone and meaning of things changed as one would expect. But, language alterings that happend dynamically do not offer that new species of life will emerge. 
• 3 --- hence, we have to get used to mathematics. Now, we can use the computer to do this. Need to. And, one example is Wolfram's Mathematica system which has brought in GenAI/LLM as a service (not all, but a good representative set). As we go through the steps to validate DTG's work, we will learn new things and require that models change. That's okay. 
• 4 --- model-based reasoning is old hat, now, almost as old as computing itself. What, you might ask? Well, one of the prime modes for modeling is from the '50s and coincides with the AI emergence out of efforts of mathematicians at a Dartmouth meeting and after. Lisp is what I am referring to and is my preferred language, albeit we ought to have kept the Lisp machine to help balance the quant mode of the Nvidias and other of the world caught in that illusion. 
• 5 --- quantum to be brought up with respect to #4? Okay, that's fair game. People are quantum processors and have been from the getgo. Wait, teleology? Yes, I must mention that psychology and philosophy are to be brought into the discussion. Expect more on this. It's already there (I've been at this for decades). So table this til later. 
• 6 --- as I need to mention KBE which I worked in after starting in KBS. There is not anything new now. We looked at this stuff decades ago. What has changed is what people refer to as the effects of handling "scale". I say that a lot of it is crap and do so with affection for all things computing since the facilities will help us be better humans. Local? Some here that mentioned now. Well, I have said that all along. 
• 7 --- truth engineering has been in the wings for decades and now can be discussed in a context that grounds the work and evaluation techniques. Before, it was a piece of my brain as conditioned with decades of Lisp starting before the Lisp machine but have years in that environment. And, truth is a local deal. Truth is not about power. What is truth? It's funny, Gemini has had discussions with me on this matter and never barfed. Mostly, I have traces. 
• 8 --- but, there is no anthropomorphizing intended here; mainly, I'll address these GenAI/LLMs and whatever else crops up with labels. So, Claude has already been used all over the place in reference to that system. DTG used Grok (earlier this year; got burned; stopped; discussed; and we restarted with provenance as the focus). 
• 9 --- lots more will be added, but here's the gist of the post. 
• 10 --- ...  

Today, DTG put out some poems that he found and that were written in Welsh. The LLM was helpful in getting the digitized versions translated after it provided support for the OCR step. That's a brief comment. The point is that there is a large amount of stuff to look at. This seemed appealing for many reasons, not the least of which is that it's poetry. By people. 

 Welsh Poems That Describe the Battle of Bosworth

There will be more commentary, both on the content of the study and on the technological issues. Hopefully, we can bring computationalism into line with what is required for progress as a whole. Some of that might be the subject of psychology and philosophy. We'll start with Kant's Prolgeomena which he wrote after getting incongruent criticism after he published his Critique of Pure Reason. 

Remarks: Modified: 12/18/2025

12/18/2025 -- With respect to the poems, consider them as not verified for the time being. With respect to AIn't in any use, all bets are off without more work related to equilibrium, stability, maturity of presentation, and such other things that we associate with people. Sorry, folks, for bringing the message -- remember, this is a crucial time with respect to technology, especially computing. 

Gardner's Beacon, Vol XV, No 1

This issue of Gardner's Beacon continues our interest in regular presentation of ongoing work as well as reviews of common interests. ...

Topics:

Activity, 2025

250th, 400th of the U.S. 

Technology

...

GB XV, 1 (PDF w/links)

Mobile-friendly issue of

GB XV, 1  

See Vol. XV, No. 1 of Gardner's Beacon for links to Sources.

Note: Our software is bespoke and will remain so until some serious discussion takes place (computers, philosophy, science, and more -- what we really need for truth engineering). HTML/CSS/Javascrpit is the basis with two blogging editors plus the following: Sea Monkey's Composer (html); Microsoft's Notepad (html, css, and javascript); Chrome developer's tools (mainly, at this point, for execution for debugging -- I have access to the development environment). So far, I have avoided co-pilots and Gemini's insistence that it's smarter than I am. People, this easy-peasy software development is creating a slippery slope to hell or, at least, perdition. I have logs and comments along this trek of TGS, Inc. (from 2010 with changes in 2012, 2014 and after with many updates pending time and effort). Mark my words as I slough along. 

Remarks: Modified: 12/14/2025

12/14/2025 --  1st release. 

Bespoke software

TL;DR --We have slowly been working on our portal in a bespoke manner. Ten years ago, there was lots of attention on the web in understanding HTML/CSS/JavaScript with examples provided by those who had the time and interest. At the same time, development in machine learning lead to thoughts of autocode (as in the machine doing the coding). Now, we witness countless offers for robotic development of software. Something is wrong.We will look at this, over time, since it's not of prime concern. Yet. Besides we will see shakeouts of methods which is normal for progress. Too, we have lots of pending work to do. One that is high on the list is getting regular attention to the date of the death (29 Dec 1674) of Thomas Gardner (Salem planter). 

---

Want an example? Our Gardner's Gate or portal. We have used the phrase a few times but intend to use it more. Our first reference was this post in January of 2020: Gardner's Gate. In that post, we mentioned a few of the types of research that we were doing. At that time, we may have had some notion of the coming technology interest but did not mention the subject. 

Guess what? A month later, we were informed that a city that we had visited had cases of confirmed COVID. Life changed, then, for a while, as everyone adapted to the new regime brought by the pandemic. For us, we got into research that was more involved (the US interior). One particular problem took us almost two years to resolve; but, we stuck to it and accomplished the necessary feats. 

A little before, we had started the portal (https://TGSoc.org). That was in 2017. In doing so, we took advantage of some earlier work. But, we took a "bespoke" path and will continue. 

Why mention this? Well, algorithms, computing, and such has been John's work in advanced computational systems. The TGS main blog started in the Microsoft world due to the influence of ASP.NET. There were jumblings in that world in 2012 to which we adapted by leaving the Microsoft realm and going over to a Linux server. By the time of the portal, we had a strategy (somewhat). We needed resources and continual involvement, but there were other factors controlling time. 

For one thing, research came first. We have been doing issues of Gardner's Beacon and printed several releases of The Gardner Annals. There were meetings and research for other groups. But, as John worked the bespoke issues, he kept notes and published some of them (we intend to organize links to this material -- see Devlog). 

Too, some organzational work became more involved taking time and energy. But, we kept the TGS, Inc. fires going. Until COVID came along and changed things. Eventually, those constraints went away; people started to get their lives back. 

But, the underpinnings of technology were changing. We'll detail our views and experiences. But, GenAI/LLM appeared three years ago. Our first experience was with ChatGPT after which we settled with Bard/Gemini. It wasn't much later that we had looked at the problems with finding algebraic solutions (Technology and its influence).

Sometime later, interest in what's known as "vibing" to some came to be; too, using LLM  as a tag, people began to develop methods that allowed the facilities to assist in development (co-pilot in some cases; in others, there is more autonomy). We will discuss this from the framework of maturity and dependable/stable computing. 

So, bespoke will be spoken in our world. 

---

Again, research? Thomas Gardner died 29 Dec 1674 (post written 3 Jan 2019). One of our research topics was, where is he and his remains? That topic will be mentioned yearly henceforth. We will put a page on this at our portal in the coming months. 

Notice in the ChatGPT session (link above), we brought in information about Thomas that had been thought right for a couple centuries now. Not long afterwards, we learned that during our absence from WikiTree, they had been analyzing newly-digitized documents from Sherborne, Dorset, UK. Adjusting to that new information is on our plate - Gardner Research. 

Remarks: Modified: 12/13/2025

12/10/2025 -- Some edits of typos and adding new information such as a graphic. 

12/13/2025 -- We started with Microsoft's Office on-line and its developer's tools. The intent was to carry on with the ASP.NET approach (I liked C#), even though my early web work was in Unix, for the most part. Office 365 came along; that was our first instance of seeing companies falter as they learned that their processes no long worked. What did we do? Surveyed the alternatives. Picked a Linux server. And, fell back to HTML where buttons were captured by image and the behaviour was coded using CSS. That worked. The next step was to covert to Javascript. That continues. The issue was content versus configuration and continues (AIn't notwithstanding - map/territory issues will be discussed) Our focus was content and still is except the AIn't emergence changes things. So, bespoke? We're putting out a new issue of Gardner's Beacon (Vol. XV, No. 1) and will be starting to redo our analysis. We'll report regularly as we go along. As we will stop and discuss choices in the vein of engineering tradeoff analysis. 

Research, using the internet and AI

TL;DR -- Time goes by. Things happen. Technology can be a boon or a bane. It's wonderful when it works. With the redo of the focus of AI, we are starting a few new approaches. One deals with sharing data but, at the same time, keeping some control on usage. The sustainable future of computing that has slipped out of our fingers can be recovered. 

--

The past couple of weeks have been busy. The year has been busy with new events. Of old news, these dealt with the 250th which we started to mention a decade ago. Now, it's on the doorstep. Of current news, the AIn't, as we call it, happened three years ago last month (Nov). That whole trek is worthy of attention under our the TGS, Inc. focus on technology. 

Then, there is the future which includes many categories. Some of these are familiar. One of late was research started this year with one of the GenAI/LLM offerings. It was neither ChatGPT nor Gemini which we have used and commented on. We'll get to the specifics. After the spring start, there was some redo in the summer that had to do with common errors associated with the techniques involved. 

So, there was a restart. This post is about that (see below). Also, the White House announced their Genesis Mission which is involved with AI (note, I do not use AIn't, in this case) which is a more full look at the software capability. We will go into that more. But, we were happy to see that DOE is driving the thing. One of the first to announce their participation was the INL which is in Idaho. We were there for a few years a while ago. 

One writeup of the project noted that 400K scientists and engineers will be involved in making AI what it was and can continue to be, before the sidetrack of machine learning which may have been a necessary event but was poorly managed for several reasons which we'll get to. 

For now, looking forward. A recent post by David T. Gardner explains the new approach which we will look into further. In this post -- The Anomaly of the Miles Defuncto (Knight, Deceased) -- see the "Citation & Legal Status Dataset" which is about the use of Zenodo (https://zenodo.org/records/17670478) to control access to and use of documents that are made available for information only while a project does its work. Expect this type of thing to become more prevalent. 

For now, we will push handling details of David's project to a later time as we get a better notion of the expected changes what will accrue from the recent decisions. However, we will be reading David's material on a regular basis. The plan is for us to support his work; a bit of groundwork is necessary prior to that work in the sense of preparedness. 

The internet started to encourage cooperative work by people at disparate sites and of different organizations. That was a collegial focus. With busyness and profit, people get paranoid about someone stealing their ideas. That is quite rational. 

AIn't? It proved the concept by copying and using data from all over without permission and trampling over copywrite rights. That sort of thing will be worked out for a more mature use of AI and computationally-framed data in the future. 

Remarks: Modified: 12/08/2025

12/05, 06, 07/2025 -- Zenodo reading requires a login. Changed the calling sequence. See records via this: https://zenodo.org/records/17670478. DTG changed the section on Sir Christopher. We will focus on this for a while. He's like Nathaniel Eaton, first head of Harvard. Misunderstood. GGP of Ann and many others.  

Sir Christopher Gardiner

TL;DR -- Winthrop and New England disliked Sir Christophere Gardner. We were intrigued by the bad-boy aspects. Can a modern approach help us make a better determination of the facts of the case which was handled 400 years ago in favor of the powers that were? This case is not unique. But, the tie-in to the technology fiascos of late cannot be ignored. 

-- 

When we first started, our attention was on Salem, MA and the crew that came into the area of Cape Ann in the timeframe of 1623/24. Later, we learned of another Thomas Gardner, who was of Roxbury in MA. Turns out that Ann is descended from both. 

But,we heard from lots of Gardner families such that we defined a category: All things Gardner. We still had an early New England focus but had to modify that to cover other times and places. Turns out that Dr. Frank had a list of Gardner families in his 1907 book which was updated in the 1933 book. 

Sir Christopher Gardner was an early name of interest. We had place his name of the "todo" list and can finally get active in the necessary research. Earlier, we ran into details about his life as told by others such as that told by John Winthrop (on Christopher Gardner). As one can see by the image, those in power in New England did not like the guy. 

Now, along the time of our research, we were contacted by David T. Gardner (DTG) who had researched his family for decades. They came into the Philadelphia area in the latter part of the 1600s. 

DTG started a blog with the title of King Slayer's Court. He wrote articles for the Gardner Beacon and The Gardner Annals. Recently, DTG has been using various GenAI/LLM systems for research. His findings are interesting. This post provides some information on one. 

In general, the use of these systems have been both of the bone and the bane type. Which is stronger? Depends. At one time, things looked dire from the systems generating "hallucinated" results. How would one know is a proper question? 

---

David had been pulling records from old English files, getting them transcribed, and building a database with which to look for correlations as one would expect. Earlier (prior GenAI/LLM), that was doable but slow. The AI part offered the potential for improvement. But, when a good majority of the results are bogus, analysis stands no chance. 

After a good start in the spring of this year, the realization of the problems with provenance of the data caused some headache. David took a break. We on the other hand kept sloughing through the issues as they will be important to eventual resolution of the messes. As mentioned, there are pros and cons. The world seems to be split. 

One factor in success would involve proper control for controlling the wild potential that is as destructive as not. How to handle this matter has had a lot of attention. Enough reports of some good quality have come out this year. 

So, months later, David is attempting again while using multiple systems. The results are interesting with respect to the original study of Gardner relationships with the Tudor dynasty. However, another topic came forth today that offers us something that we can get our teeth into. Namely, Sir Christopher Gardiner who was on the "list of infamy" of Winthrop. 

David posted this recently: The Enigmatic Knight of the Wilderness: Sir Christopher Gardiner Revisited Through Modern Eyes. 

Our approach will to use the different stories to build a more complete picture of Christopher Gardner. While doing that, we expect to learn about the systems, the peccadilloes of each plus gain some insight into the "control" aspects that seem to be missing. 

This is a cursory look and is about a beginning. Stay tuned as we march further down the road. 

Remarks: Modified: 11/23/2025

11/23/2025 --

Emphasis, technology

TL;DR -- BBC talked about AI to one of its providers. Irrationality was raised. Yes, we used "AIn't" to describe the vacuous conditions (many senses) from about 2019 with respect to these types of approaches to knowledge handling and intelligence pretending. 2025 saw these things pushed out to the world. Ramifications will become rampant in 2026. With our technology focus, we will look at truth and what that means to us and our computational playthings. 

-- 

BBC talked to Google who spilled some beans. Here is an interesting summary. 

Google and irrationality

Of course, the use of irrationality got my attention and the use of "some" which might be considered an understatement. Also, it was Google who forced Gemini on us this year; analysis of the ramifications of that choice of theirs pends. 
-----------

Now, to the BBB video: https://www.bbc.com/audio/play/w3ct6s7l. 

You all, remember that Newton got pulled into some hyped positions in is day whose ramifications were unpleasant? 

---

Youngsters gone awry is one way to look at this. Two generations or so. But, it did not have to be done this way. We can trace decisions over three decades in order to set a tone for analysis. But, we need to go back 200 years in mathematics, from a technical sense dealing with what it means.  

The Thomas Gardner Society will focus on providing summaries over time with regard to what is what, at our "truth" portal, defined about 2017. We were waiting for data to arise of sufficient sense, beyond that related to the mania of a decade with the past three years being especially burdensome to rational thinking.

----

We were late in paying attention to the Nov of 2022 release from OpenAI as we had spent a decade plus looking at the going-ons from a distance and continually as the series of choices became more troublesone. 

Finally, we did a post in Feb of 2023: ChatGPT. What got us to look were reports of failing at algebra by the systems. Later, the use of "hallucination" became in vogue. But, the whole issue was the misuse of mathematics which could have been foreseen; reports of this type of problem started to rise to the surface after about a year. We will look at that in depth. 

To be fair, Wolfram (of Mathematica fame) took ChatGPT under his wing, tamed it, and made it contributory to his system and products. There are other examples. There are few. 

Meanwhile, in 2025, these systems were cast out everywhere. A technique called "vibing" with regard to code came into vogue using these systems. It needs a serious look with respect to issues. There is not much about the past three years that is exemplary. On the other hand, neural nets were given attention by the Nobel Prize committee in terms of its contributions to mathematical physics. That topic is on the table, too. 

We have our work cut out for us, as the world tries to recover from the ramifications. More on that later. 

Remarks: Modified: 12/15/2025

12/15/2025 -- Recovered image which disappeared after a small length of time. 

Charlotte (Coffin) Gardner

TL;DR -- On FB, I saw an article that reminded us that the author had created a related blog which contains very good articles. On browsing, we ran into Charlotte (Coffin) Gardner. She kept a journal on her 3-year voyage with her husband and son. Along the line, she mentions New Englanad folks and natives as well keeps record of their progress along the continents to the Cape and back up. Names overlap our earlier research. So, we will recoup the interest level. 

---

An article today on Facebook got me to looking at the articles of Melissa Berry on her blog. Here is an example article in American-Archives. The topic is a wive who went on a three-year voyage with her husband from New England around Cape Horn and up to San Francisco and Washington State. 

These links point to pertinent material about Charlotte and to a Journal that she kept during the voyage. She is a descendant of John son of Thomas and Margaret. Her husband is a descendant of Richard, brother of John. 

• Journal of Charlotte (Coffin) Gardner
• Charlotte's profile on WikiTree

One thing that is of interest would be to use Google's map to follow her on the voyage. The next link goes to a view of the western hemisphere with a location marked.  

• Google map to find and link to locations noted in the Journal 

There were many stops mentioned in the book. Here are three Wikipedia articles. We will have more. In addition, Charlotte marks her location on a regular basis as the above Google map shows. 

• Isla_de_los_Estados
• Strait_of_Juan_de_Fuca
• Port_Ludlow,_Washington

In the articles and in the blog, there are many names mentioned lots of which are familiar from our studies of New England with some being kin of various sorts. Too, we have a theme of the long reach of New England which our posts on Bunker Hill West which is in Downtown Los Angeles show. 

A few years ago, we did posts on the barque, Bostonian, that was owned by Hentry Gardner and his brother. In that material, we learned a little bit about the nautical ways after spending lots of time looking a movements across the middle of the vast area of the U.S. The Bostonian wrecked in 1850 along the Oregon coast. The pilot was noted as Capt. Boyling. 

Charlotte, in her blog, mentions Capt. Boyling which got our attention. So, as well as studying her Journal, we will pick up our study of the barque, Bostonian. Again, here are a few related postts. 

• The Gardiner that was
• Some info on merchandise handled by the Gardners -- 
•           Gardiner’s Rheumatic and Neuralgic Compound
• General search on the Bostonian

Several themes were mentioned here. What this represents is that the 250th has lots of open research pending. But, in general, here is no end to the study of  New England.    

Remarks: Modified: 11/13/2025

11/13/2025 --

400ths, in Massachusetts

TL;DR -- As the Siege of Boston continues its slow course, we can look at other areas which need more attention. Such as, the celebrations of the Massachusetts start will go until 2073. 

--

Of late, GenAI/LLM has gotten our atttention. That will continue under the theme of technology as we look at the mathematical underpinnings of phenomena (multiple variants) as well as get into the psychology and human interest aspects of the big chimera which we termed by buckets'o'bits (replacing AIn't which was misunderstood). We see a serious map/territory problem. 

But let's get back to history of both a family and regional nature. 

200 years ago, New England was still in the Siege of Boston stage which started back in April. Winter ws setting in. Washington had arrived in July. In September, he sent Arnold north on an attempt to make some headway in Quebec. Knox, in November, took his men to get artillery and supplies from Fort Ticonderoga. We have yet to see the Declaration of Independence.

Some reading material:

• Wikipedia, per usual, has a marvelout collection of information: Siege of Boston. This post has a good overview with secondary material. 
• An example is the post on Knox's effort: Noble train of artillery.  

The 200th of the Siege continues until March of next year. That gives us four more months to learn about the events and to appreciate the efforts of the colonials who got the U.S.A. started.

For instance, once the artillery arrived, in March, Dorchester Heights was fortified. 

---

While we have paused to reflect on the 250th, we need to remind about the 400th anniversaries that will go on for a while. This post provides a list of the towns and villages that will be celebration. For instance, Salem is on the list for next year (2026). Cape Ann (Gloucester) had theirs in 2023. Before that, the Mayflower arrival was celebrated in 2020. Here is the timeline for celebrations. 

Timeline of Settlement

These go on until 2073. In 2026, Beverly (one of the places known as the birthplace of the U.S. Navy) shares the same settlement year as Salem. 

 Remarks: Modified: 11/09/2025

11/09/2025 --

King Slayer's Court, I

TL;DR -- King Slayer? That's a huge no-no rule, broken in both England and France. But, on the battlefield, is it allowed? This post looks at research of several decades that has been facilitated recently, in new ways, by computing done right (for the most part - until buckets'o'bits ran amok). 

---

We will have a regular series on the King Slayer's Court blog as work continues on that research. The following has links to recent material and other material provided for background and discussion. 

• About - a Gardner family of PA, before and after the venture across the pond. 
• Bosworth - what Ricard III knocked off his throne by a Welshman? Thoughts about the data and more. 

Social media, Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI/LLM) and this work. There is a lot more to discuss, but these two post bring attention to the situational aspects. 

•  Eyes of technology - we could use lens, as well; but, we are emphasizing the organic granularity and gauges of knowledge. 
• King Slayer's Court, Redux - here, we touch upon some of the technical aspects that will be expanded upon through time and as the need to know grows. 

(BBC London) A 16th Century
Welsh chronicle charting the history of
England and Wales between
1066 and 1552 is now online

Background. We wrote of this blog earlier in the year. But, we had our first interchange back in the day with our first post in 2016. 

• Introduction - In our searches from 2009 on, we ran into Wyllyam Garydnyr several times, including on Wikipedia. Lots of those pages/sites have disappeared, though we have some posts that we will go back and review and add here. 

We published an ariticle on this in The Gardner Annals (Bosworth and Gardners, Vol III). 

---

Adage, moral proposed for the TGS, Inc: there AIn't no critter involved with the buckets'o'bits that people are chasing seemingly mindlessly. That is, phenomena are involved that we can know more; lots of it involves mathematics that got too big for its britches. 

Aside: we had an image link (it disappeard - so, that might represent getting some notice, or not; we will try to find something suitable). 

Remarks: Modified: 10/29/2025

10/29/2025 --

Illumination

TL;DR -- Machine learning, as AI, grates with the increasing hype of three years duration, so far. How  much longer? This post points to work that has plenty of potential to help right the ship that founders. 

---

This is a brief technical overview about necessary work. 

Real but unseen. Mostly ignored, for reasons that we can discuss. Basically, the psychology of the modern era that has gone off course. 

The LLM (and their GenAIs associates) can be useful. I wish to introduce them to a big brother they ought to have known. 

https://lnkd.in/gECn-HrX  KBE used ICAD and demonstrated truth engineering 

"For example, at Airbus UK, the design of Wing spars was reduced from 480 man weeks to 12 - a 97.5% lead-time reduction. Similarly, Jaguar Cars saw a 94% lead-time reduction in XK8 body panel development, and their collaborative headlamp program was reduced from 8 weeks to only 2 days."

And, this was precision work. Not mindless pretend by misusing mathemtical computing.

CAD to KBE (ICAD) to ...
(dated but meant to show a point and an
example for saving machine learning

How does machine learning fit in? That was shown decades ago which lessons apply now. To discuss? KBE would have kept AI on track; several themes along this line deserve discussion and experimental attention.

---

Wait, was my initial reaction. Kant is key. We can't Kant enough which will be on the table for discussion here (and demonstration). At the time, I started to remind people that there was no "critter" involved. This was applied mathematices which is centuries old. 

Okay, I will now back that up. We'll focus on Cambridge for a bit, but in general consider that Lagrange was a cohort of Kant. The former ran down perturbations of diff eqs; the latter ran down perturbing our brains with his "classical" summary of the western way. 

Right now, here are links that will kick things off. 

1 - Littlewood on the 1st Wrangler guantlet - quoting him: Preparation; Incubation; Illumination; Verification. https://lnkd.in/grC5tnNz Littlewood's take on the Tripos challenge 

... https://lnkd.in/gk5BShm7 What is Enlightenment? 

2 - Kant's answer to what is enlightenment - https://lnkd.in/gJzUNjVS 

---

Hint: normalization gone mad (it's not spring break, yet). And, this applies in a few other areas, too. Not just the wannabe intelligence. 

Remarks: Modified: 11/09/2025

11/09/2025 - A few typos fixed. 

Siege of Boston, I

TL;DR -- We will do a series on the Siege in the next few months. It dragged on for almost a year. 

---

For those who have not heard of the 250th of the U.S., we are in the first year of the Revolution as it started in the Boston area in Spring of 1775. Usually, people talk of 1776, but that is for the signing of the Declaration of Independence in July which is when the 250th year will end and when we start the 251st year. 

Of the remembrance of a long war. It started before 1775. Then, Cornwallis surrendered in the fall of 1781. However, hostilities continued and the treaty was not signed until 1783. We have lots of material to cover, related to families personally. 

For this post, we will do a few looks at the Siege of Boston. Today, let's look at a few past posts on the subject. These are in order that they appeared in the blog with the year of posting noted. 

• Regimental History, Seige of Boston (2015) -- Last Issue, Massassachusetts Magazine (2018) -- the first and last of 4 articles per year for over a decade. 
• Elizabeth (Gardner) Blanchard (2019) - look at families and their contribution. 
• Boston first (2024) - on the evacuation that ended the Siege of Boston.
• George Washington in Boston (2025) - he was up there for several months, long enough for Martha to visit. 
• Southern Campaign (2025) - after the British left Boston, they were in PA and NY. At some point, there was a choice to get the southern colonies on their side.
• General Nathanael Greene (2025) - he was at Boston, under Washington. More on him later. 
• ...
• Bunker Hill West, 1873 (2025) - we have had a lot of posts on this hill in DTLA which can be used to watch the changes in the U.S. over the time of the area post New Spain's rule. 

At this time, in late October, we have five months before the Siege ended. April was a long while ago. People were coping and organizing. 

Remarks: Modified: 10/23/2025

10/23/2025 - 

Hopes of simulation

TL;DR -- We pause to refresh the technology focus for the future. Simulation will be a recurring theme for many reasons. 

---

Given that we are now into the age where everyone has heard of "AI" and have three years of data on both sides of the argument, the future will be more interesting from several angles. Technology is great, when it works. It can be expensive. 

Saw this image today and had to show the particulars. It's a robot that went through millions of simulated miles with no problems. But, then stumbled on something unexpected when let out into the real world. On LinkedIn, see the article: The Simulation Myth. 

Spot, of Boston Dynamics

Now, it's not just robotics. The question of how well advanced simulation can mimic Nature has been on the table for decades. Some are more inclined to think that a good simulation can be used instead of something natural. We will be discussing that. 

Rodney Brooks of Boston Dynamics has been at this for a long while and has demonstrated remarkable results. For instance, he got to where his robots (of a bipedal type) could somersault without a tether. That is remarkable mathematics and computing. 

It was interesting watching this development. Last year, Rodney was quoted as noting that the advancement was not quite as remarkable as he would like. He wants his bipedal robots to dance. And, after that comment, plenty have tried to show this. With varying amounts of success. 

Dexterity? Like humans have? Rodney's site (Robots, AI, and other stuff) goes over that topic, quite thoroughly. 

Post: Why Today’s Humanoids Won’t Learn Dexterity  

It is great to see industry leaders take the thoughtful approach rather than harp with marketing or PR messages. Science needs to be involved as we try to cope with technology of the newer types. 

AI isn't new. It dates back to the 1950s in the current mode. But, people have grappled with the related ideas for a very long time. 

Simulation goes back further and was part of the earliest computing. 

---

Note: Control can be improved with sensor/activator coupling with good simulation software. But, even then, the theory of control and of the domains involved have to be the prime focus with careful attention to the details of experience and experiment. How far can simulation be pushed? Don't expect that to be a closed issue anytime soon; if anything, we will get wiser about what's involved with the limits that lurk. 

Remarks: Modified: 10/11/2025

10/11/2025 -

Bunker Hill West - 1873

TL;DR -- Today we saw an old photo of a sketch which shows part of Bunker Hill West in the 1870s. That's early enough to be before lots of the changes introduced over the long span of US history. The English culture took over in 1847 from that of New Spain. And so, the area has lots of offer with respect to our interest in the long reach of New England. 

-- 

Here we go with a post on LA, again. Yesterday, as we looked at New France and New Spain, we mentioned Bunker Hill West. In the early days, the hill overlooked bustling LA. Then, people built upon the hill. They tunneled under it to start to build on the other side. It was partly lowered starting in the 1960s. Now long after, the skyscrapers started to appear with the first one right by the Library which is about as old as the LA City Hall. 

This pointer is to a search on Los Angeles within our blog. There may be Bunker Hill posts that did not come up on the list. In any case, the below photo which is courtesy of the Water and Power Organization of Los Angeles, CA is from a sketch near what is now 9th Street looking north. To orient the view, the well-known City Hall is between Spring and Main Streets (shown converging here) eight blocks north above 1st Street. 

To the middle below the foothills is where one would find The Cathedral of the Angeles, not built yet. The train station is north of that. 

Of interest today are the hills on the left. If one follows the Fort Street line (left of Spring Street) up toward the hills to north, there is a building standing above the city. That was Fort Moore. Going to the left, one can see parts of Bunker Hill West. 

Prior posts had some information about the history of development of the hill. Today, we wanted to show a view indicating that there was a hill of size. According to Wikipedia, the elevation was up to 200 feet above Los Angeles. Naturally, there are higher hills including the massive 14k-foot  mountain within a morning's drive seen on the upper right. 

The Bunker Hill represents history, pre-US and post the events of 250 years ago. In this area, the culture changed several times in a manner that is representative of the changes in the US. The current stature of Bunker Hill is obvious in the photos of LA. The majority of the skyscrapers have their footing on the scraped down and leveled heights of the hill. 

---

Caption of the photo: (ca. 1873)* – Panoramic sketch looking north toward downtown Los Angeles showing mostly undeveloped land.  At lower-right can be seen the junction of Main and Spring streets at a point where 9th Street will one day intersect.  Hill Street and Fort Street (later Broadway) are on the left.  The Verdugo Hills and snow-capped San Gabriel Mountains can be seen in the distance. Photo of a lithograph, courtesy of the California Historical Society. 

DTLA, 1873 

We are fortunate to have original photos, sketches, and paintings of the area. One hopes that these photos with provenance continue to be available in the age of mimic and copy in a manner that does not preserve the truth of the matter. 

But, that's a technology matter to be discussed further with an actionable focus. 

Remarks: Modified: 12/23/2025

10/11/2025 - Water and Power has a whole page of photos from Bunker Hill West from the 1930s onward, including many areas compared with photos from then and now. 

12/23/2025 -- More on the Butterfield stage as representing the U.S. government's concern for handling Overland Mail. There has been lots of research about the trail from St. Louis MO to San Francisco CA. 

States and watersheds

TL;DR -- We have lots of themes to research. Rivers will be a constant. Today, we look at watersheds, again. Too, we consider a map showing the findings of Powell as he explored the west. American would not be the same without its rivers. 

--

We saw a map today that got our interest. Perhaps, at some point, we'll link to all of our posts that present a map as we continue our look at the history of the U.S. and its first colony of New England (mainly north) being respectful of the Native American culture as well as the incursions of New Spaiin and New France both of which left placenames in their language. 

Rivers are the focus today. We have many posts in on rivers and some on watersheds. And, we mentioned the Arkansas River in an earlier post today. Before making a few more remarks, here is a map related to the discussion. 

The United Watershed States of America

On the page providing this map, one can click on the map and get an enlarged view. The Arkansas River goes from Colorado, through Kansas, Oklahoma, and Arkansas before it flows into the Mississippi. It was this location where explorers out of New France (north of New York) saw artifacts from New Spain. 

It's worth mentioning that New Spain explorers were in the northern Kansas area in the middle of the 1500s. This trek was to find the cities of gold. We have a town El Dorado not far from the route taken by the Spaniards. 

Back to the map, it shows the route taken by John Wesley Powell in 1869. This was post-Civil War when the traffic to the west increased. 

Another reminder, Jedediah Strong Smith was in some of these areas in the 1820s. Having gone from New England to St. Louis, he went west and ventured into the moutains near Gardner River. He went south into the desert of Nevada and crossed the Mohave in the summer (first European to do so) ending up in LA where he was the "guest" of the Spanish Governor. Once released, he went north and east. He met his demise in Kansas at a site along the Cimarron River. 

Later, Judge Francis M. Thompson toured the area. Tour, of course, meaning on foot and horseback. Like Jedediah, he got to the left coast. On the way back, he spent time in Montana and helped the State get is legal footing. 

In all of these journeys on the land, we talked of rivers as means for transportation (Lewis & Clark) or barriers to progress. An, example might be the Lawrence, Kansas-bound group that founded the University of Kansas - they had to cross the Wakarusa having come from Massachusetts. That meant, breaking down the wagon, lowering it, getting across, raising it back up to high ground, putting it back together and then continuing. The Wakarusa was fairy tame compared to the wild western rivers that those of the Santa Fe and Oregon Trails coped with. 

We can now consider another aspect of rivers. There are many more aspects, but the watershed aspect is important. An example are the irrigation canals of the west, such as those in Utah and Idaho which supported agriculture. Of course, we learned to tame rivers for milling and transportation of goods. Our post on the Gardner mill of Salem, MA is an example of a multi-purpose mill. The canal laid out by George Washington and his crew along the Potamac is another early example. General George Washington was at the Siege of Boston and became the first President. Even Betsy made it up to see him. 

Remarks: Modified: 10/02/2025

10/02/2025 - 

New France

TL;DR -- Nutfield Genealogy motivated this post with their post. Amazing maps has been in our sight for a long while. The one we saw today is about New France which has not had the attention that is needed. So, we correct that. 

---

When we started, our focus was New England. Then, we got into New Spain due to the California influence. We mentioned New France and probably ought to have looked further since we ran into it many times. One theme/meme that will continue is the long reach of New England. Also, all things Gardner is on the plate. Technology? What happened in 2025? AI is everywhere with mature voices with mathematical knowledge finally weighing. We'll take part in that discussion and the followup work. Another theme? The 250th U.S. as represented by D.A.R./S.A.R. and those of the other sides (loyalists, for example). 

Lots and lots of things to do, but here is a list of subjects which suggest future work.  

• Using Cape Ann, we learned about the commercial influence of the Dorchester Company. There seemed to be agreement about the events such as the 1623 overwintering, the 1624 arrival of the settlers, John Endicott's arrival, and then John Winthrop who disliked Salem and sailed off to Boston. In 2014, we found records in Dorset, UK. In 2023, a researcher went through all of the known records to find Gardner references. Pending is going through that and posing means to get the story in line with what we know and can know. See, Why is 2024 quiet? 
• President Jefferson dealt with Spain with regard to the Louisiana Territory. We can use Missouri as the focus for several reasons. Our research was focused in the middle of the country, with St. Louis being somewhat of a gateway, though there was movement both along the north and the south. Speaking of the south, regular coach traffic occurred between St. Louis and San Francisco. 
• We have to mention that the coach that ran across lower Arizona into California stopped in Los Angeles in the area now known as DTLA. We found out that a hill had been named after the battle site in Boston, Bunker Hill, which battle was part of the period of over a year noted as the Siege of Boston. Named Bunker Hill West, the area now hosts the skyscrapers associated with the LA skyline. Those bringing in the traffic from St. Louis and points east were of New England. That route met up with traffic from the lower part of Texas. And, in LA, there was serious New England influence. But, New Spain, too, was there earlier, leaving many place names of Spanish origin. 
• We looked at rivers, extensively which brings up a notion (below). Gardner River got attention a few years ago. But, the Ohio, Missouri and Mississippi Rivers will be featured with respect to travel to and in the central and west parts of the U.S. 

Today, we saw a share by another blog (Nutfield Genealogy) that got our attention. It showed the extent of New France which is far beyond what we consider when discussing the French-Indian affair or the Revolutionary War. This map comes from Amazing Maps which can be accessed through various social media. Using FB (Meta), one can access this map. 

We had written several years ago about the French being down in the Arkansas area at the same time that Thomas Gardner and others were founding New England which was a little bit of land shown in grey on the right. The blue shows the wanderings of the French. One tales recalls that a crew had crossed the Great Lakes to the area of nowadays Wisconsin, portaged down to a river than ran into the Mississippi. When they got to where the Arkansas River (out of the Rockies) met the Mississippi, the Frenchmen started to see the Native Americans with artifacts from Spain. They were not far from nowadays New Orleans at that time. 

Too, up in the northwest, later, there was disagreement amongst the travelers then, trappers and mountain men, about where the U.S. and Canada split. This was not settled until the 1840s. Those representing Canada's rights were of New France. 

Remarks: Modified: 10/02/2025

10/02/2025 - 

TEG in DB of NEHGS

TL;DR -- We published in The Essex Genealogist (TEG). The NEHGS printed a listing of TEG in their NEHGR. Later, the NEHGS made a database for the TEG issues and are now up to Vol 37 which published in 2017. 

--

First things first. This is the announcement by the American Ancestor publisher of the NEHGS about their making issues of The Essex Genealogist of the Essex Society of Genealogists available via their database. We already tried it today with respect to our last article. 

The Essex Genealogist: Volume 37 (2017) now      

In the middle of the 2010s, we published a few articles in The Essex Genealogist. Later, we published the same article in The Gardner Annals. The following is a list of posts related to those publications. 

Essex Society
of Genealogists

The last one was about the barque Bostonian which was built in New England, roamed the world, and then wrecked along the Oregon border. The owners were Henry D. Gardiner and his brother. 

At the time, we had lots of material related to research along several topics: the captain at the time of the wreck; passengers on that voyage; the town of Gardiner, OR which was founded at the spot; and, of course,  more about the Gardiners who were descendants of Gardiner of Rhode Island. 

• NEHGR 2016 -- Vols 34, May, Aug, Nov; with with pointers to PDFs of Ahnentafel
• TEG, Vol 34, No 3; Vol 35, No 1  -  Benjamin Brown Gardner and his wife Lucy Foster Wilson 
• NEHGR 2017 -- Vol 35, Feb and May
• The Gardiner that was - Extensive research material related to this topic
• TEG, Vol 35, No 2 -- Will republish the barque Bostonian article with updates 

This work got us, landlubers, familiar with some naval issues and terminology. Looking forward to digging deeper. 

Remarks: Modified: 09/26/2025

09/26/2025 - 

Southern campaign

TL;DR -- Lexington & Concord got things going in the spring of 1775. Hence, we have the 250th started this year. The Siege of Boston was still going on (would be until March of 1776). By 1778, the Brit strategy was to go south and perhaps find friendly folks. The events of "Southern theatre" run by General Nathanael Greene starting early in 1781 helped settle that issue. Lord Cornwallis surrendered to General George Washington in October of 1781. The 1783 date aligns with the signing of the Peace Treaty. 

---

As expected, the looking back over 250 years to the Revolution can be a daily thing. We are still in the Siege of Boston which started in the Spring at Lexington & Concord, included the Battle of Bunker Hill and other skirmishes, and will go until March. We wrote recently about Henry Knox bringing cannons from Fort Ticonderoga to an area outside of Boston where the Patriot troops were not visible to the British in Boston. This period will end with the British leaving Boston and going to New York. After not finding success in that area, the focus of the conflice went south. There were still events in the north, but the whole focus changed.

This is where General Nathanael Greene comes in. He had been Quartermaster General for several years. In 1781, General Washington put NG in charge of the war in the south. We got involved with studying this by doing research about the southern troops. In the north, there had been regular militias. As Dr. Frank noted, the leadership had been trained by serving the Crown in the French & Indian affairs. 

Lord Cornwallis had hoped that the southern portion of the country would be more amenable to staying loyal to the Crown. That is something to consider as we review over the next few years.  

Called the Southern theatre (or campaign), this series of battles started in 1778 which was two years after the Declaration of Independence and three years after the first shot was fired in 1775. Having started in early1781, NG won and lost battles. Yet, the War of Revolution was over by October of 1781. The year of 1783 is used since that is when the peace treaty was signed. Between 1781, there may have been continuing conflict, but the main focus was forming the country. 

There is a lot of ground to cover, such as a look at the timeline of the Southern theatre and consider of how what particular areas had a major role in the conflicts and their outcome. 

---

One theme will be Loyalists and what happend to them. For example, see this post -- Henry Gardner, the Loyalist. He left his property in control of an agent in Salem and went north where he had a reputation of being fair, and friendly, with American prisoners. He came back after the war and resumed his life and business. 

Remarks: Modified: 09/18/2025

09/18/2025 - 

Constitution week

TL;DR -- We're still in the period of the Siege of Boston. It's time to leap forward to an event in 1789 which is 14 years later. The signing of the Constitution. 

--

Coming soon is Constitution week. This ought to be better known throughout the U.S. Given that we are in the 250th of the Siege of Boston, we will pay more attention to this day and what it celebrates.

• Constitution week - "This celebration of the Constitution was started by the Daughters of the American Revolution. In 1955, DAR petitioned Congress to set aside September 17-23 annually to be dedicated for the observance of Constitution Week. The resolution was later adopted by the U.S. Congress and signed into public law on August 2, 1956, by President Dwight D. Eisenhower." 

• Constitution Day - "Written in 1787, ratified in 1788, and in operation since 1789, the United States Constitution is the world's longest surviving written charter of government. Its first three words—"We the People"—affirm that the government of the United States exists to serve its citizens. For over two centuries the Constitution has remained in force because its framers wisely separated and balanced governmental powers to safeguard the interests of majority rule and minority rights, of liberty and equality, and of the federal and state governments. Since 1789 the Constitution has evolved through amendments to meet the changing needs of a nation now profoundly different from the 18th-century world in which its creators lived."  

• Constitution of the United States -- "The Constitution of the United States is the supreme law of the United States of America.[3] It superseded the Articles of Confederation, the nation's first constitution, on March 4, 1789. Originally including seven articles, the Constitution defined the foundational structure of the federal government."

Scene at the Signing of the Constitution of the United States

Remarks: Modified: 09/15/2025

09/15/2025 - 

General Nathanael Greene

TL;DR -- To follow up on a Meta (FB) post, we provide a little more information. Several libraries have the thirteen volumes of his Papers. The General was at the Siege of Boston and was, at a later time, responsible for funds and materials. 

---

This post is about General Nathanael Greene of Rhode Island. Yesterday, we published a post with some information about the General on Meta (formerly FB). 

Today, we provide a little more information about the General and the thirteen volumes of his papers that was "Published for the Rhode Island Historical Society [by] University of North Carolina Press" starting in 1976. 

• The American Battlefield Trust provides a short biography on the General. 
• Archive org has more information on the publication of his Papers. 
• The General was of old New England heritage (WikiTree; Wikipedia) with his ancestors founding Warwick, RI. 

With the progress computing technology came improvements for library functions. As mentioned, we have already perused Vols I through VI. We expect to see the rest soon. 

Here is an example of a library that has all 13 volumes. 

• KU - Watson Library - this is the full record from the Library catalog. 
• The Library is on the campus in Lawrence, KS. 
• The volumes are in the stacks on the first floor (see Library floor maps)

Remarks: Modified: 10/23/2025

09/14/2025 - Spent glorious time at Watson Library, first visit in a few decades. The whole collection is hardbound. Some references will need updating as some material formerly in Vol VII can be found in Vol X, and so forth. Also, we'll combine this with some D.A.R. research which didn't go far enough. Greene's material will help fill in missing pieces for a lot of families looking to prove an ancestor's service. In this sense, folks. Officers? Known. The enlisted and lower ranks? Not so much. Typical. The internet? Will allow a great bit of equity to come forth. So, that'll be our technology reference as we continue this work. ... So many lessons to be learned from this series. Thank you to whomever responsible. We'll look at that, too. 

09/17/2025 - A couple of years ago, on doing some research, I ran into this snippet. And, this weekend finally got to see the pages and the whole of the series (thirteen volumes). Will report more after assessing these details. 

As mentioned elsewhere, this is a snippet. The pages
are correct but are in Vol. X. The 1976 release
only had the 1st six volumes. The remaining appeared
over the years until the 2020s. 
So, we can get to work and understand the role of
the General and those troops/families that
supported his efforts. 

Why the delay? Being a new publication and with copyright laws (for everyone but GenAI/LLM vendors, it seems), I was not able to read online. And, there was no service that was easily accessible (hint). The first place I went only had the first six volumes. So, I went to another, with fingers crossed that someone had not checked out any of the volumes. But, it was about time for me to get back to the library after doing research on the internet probably 80% of the time. Yes, for 20 years, watching the internet both evolve and devolve. We will discuss which of the sides of that coin was greater (meaning, it's unbalanced). 

10/23/2025 - Colonel Nathanael Greene was at the Siege of Boston with soon-to-be General Washington. Too, he was the Quartermaster General and responsible for funds and material to support the Revolution. Also, he got the 1783 surrender of Cornwallis at Yorktown, VA. So, his contributions are worthy of more attention than received so far. But, that's getting ahead of ourselves.