Regimental Series

TL;DR -- Bunker Hill is around the corner. The 250th starts eight years of rememberance and learning. 

--

The Battle of Bunker Hill is a well-known historical event which started with the turmoil at Lexington and Concord. This time around, we are at the 250th. Even the Memorial Day program by PBS last night emphasized that anniversary, with regard to the Army, Navy and Marines. 

Earlier we wrote that Dr. Frank had included a part of his series in each of the issues of The Massachusetts Magazine which published from 1908 to 1918. 

• The Patriot Army at the Siege of Boston -- in this introductory issue, he provided an overview of the regiments that were to be covered. 

He also provided his thoughts that the American side was not an armed mob. 

Our addition might be that the 5th generation did the deed as we bring the whole of the U.S. history to bear at any moment.  

Through the next eight years from now, we will cover each regiment with respect to the activities (by time and place) of that year. Dr. Frank gave us the roll of each regiment plus information about the service of each officer. 

He starts the series with the Regiment of Col. John Glover (Wikipedia) of Marblehead. George Washington chartered his schooner, USS Hannah, to be a privateer. Hence, it may be considered the "first vessel" of the, soon-to-be, U.S. Navy.  

Context:

Massachusetts Magazine
Vols I and II                      see Vol I for Col. John Glover's regiment 
Vols III and IV
Vols V and VI
Vols VII and VIII
Vols IX and X/XI

Remarks: Modified: 05/26/2025

05/26/2025 - 

Memorial Day, 2025

TL;DR -- We have took special interest each May since 2019 with respect to Memorial Day. Its weekend in May serves as the start of the summer season. 

--

We are coming up on the first weekend of summer. For many, the school season is over though many go into June. Too, many college graduations have taken place. 

Memorial Day in the U.S. aligns well with summer activities and is a traditional time with activities such as visiting and decorating graves of family and friens, honoring graves of veterans with the U.S. flag; trips to the park or other journey; BBQ in the backyard; and such. Many locations have parades and ceremonies at their cemeteries. 

In this post, we started a regular post for the Holiday starting in 2019. See the list below. For each year, we summarize the content of the post. 

Also, in 2019, we provided information about the burial of Dr. Frank in the Gardner/Dennet plot at the Greenlawn cemetery in Salem, MA. The post is titled Gallows Hill with respect to Thomas' remark about seeing the water at his favorite relaxing place and recapitulates some of the issues remaining open about the location of Thomas' remains. We will update that information during this pause to reflect. 

Today is the Visitation/Memorial of Eric W. Gardner, recently of Rapid City, SD. about whom we wrote earlier this month. 

Memorial Day, 2019 --  as we were researching Ann's genealogy, we gathered information about her grandparents who were three generations back. One finding was that a "findagrave" record about a burial at the G.A.R. cemetery at Saugus, MA held a veteran with no ties. After documenting the links, we updated his findagrave record: Walter A. Ingalls. If you pick his spouse, you will find information about his in-laws as we requested that links be updated. Too, we tied records in WikiTree with the ones at findagrave. 

Memorial Day, 2020 -- in the Covid times we were researching families in the middle of the country where they had stopped. Others had flowed on west. We mentioned the absence of graves. Or, as we see out here, there are unmarked graves. findagrave is full of these. We mentioned the record that we did for Dr. Frank. We can honor people through virtual memorials. 

Memorial Day, 2021 -- a brief recap of the two prior years and then a look at the many conflicts which produced veterans to honor. 

Memorial Day, 2022 -- we looked at a cemetery in the west as a photo from the area could have been taken in New England. It is at the site of an early mission to support Native tribes, some of whom had been in the area for centuries as well as newcomers from replacement efforts. We looked at William Whites Graves who was honored by the Natives for his support of the Osage Mission. 

Memorial Day, 2023 -- we looked at a few posts from May since our beginning in 2010. We asked the question which is still being researched: was Thomas at Cape Ann? See the post, Restart somewhat. We say, yes; but, the story will need to be altered with new information which will result from structured research. Stay tuned. 

Memorial Day, 2024 -- we looked at Nantucket and heard from Diana Davidson. She descends from the Gardners of Nantucket and lives in England, near Dorset. 

Over the rest of the month, we will work to find pertinent information with regard to the theme of this post. As we write on that, we will come back and update this post.

Remarks: Modified: 05/21/2025

05/21/2025 - 

Bunker Hill

TL;DR -- We're in the time of the Siege of Boston with the Bunker Hill incident on the horizon. But, the Siege went on until March of 1776. So, we have a few more items to look at prior to the hubbub of the Declaration of Independence whose inspiration was, in part, brought by kin from almost 100 years prior.  

---

Siege of Boston

The first thing to remember is that we are at the 250th of the Siege of Boston. Earlier, we looked at an event that led up to this: Lexington and Concord. This start of the turmoil on April 19th attracted support of able-bodied men in the area, except for Salem troops under the command of Col. Pickering (Where was Salem?).  

In our research, we ran into the battle of Bunker Hill (17 Jun 1775) early on through reference to Col. Thomas Gardner who was killed in that conflict. His 25th Continental Regiment was involved in several engagements. 

This brings up Dr. Gardner's look at the Regimental history through a series of articles that appeared in each of the issues of The Massachusetts Magazine. In the first article, he discusses the Siege of Boston and notes that the revolutionaries were not solely rebels. Many officers had served the Crown in early conflicts. 

The Siege was almost a year, going to March of 1776. We have time to look further with respect to our themes. 

---

Los Angeles (LA) of California (CA) has a neighborhood that is called Bunker Hill west. We have had several posts on the area which represents the history of LA from the time of Spanish rule to the current age of skyscrapers that have populated Bunker Hill West area. Early English involvement the area was in the 1830s. After that, many New Englanders showed up in the area. We have been researching this influx and have reported on some families. 

A stage line came into LA from Arizona (AZ) that was part of a freight/mail business with an eastern terminal at St Louis of Missouri (MO). Pre-Civil-War activity on the line followed a tight schedule and was supported by stops along the way through several current States, including Texas (TX). The area in LA where the line had their stop and supporting businesses, such as those that provided horses, stage maintenance, and more, was at the bottom of Bunker Hill West. 

The Butterfield Express, and many other Express companies, were New England in origin. Of interest is that many of these are still in existence. 

---

The Revolutionary War started in 1776 and went until 1783. So, we will have several years to look at this history in all aspects including families and their genealogies. So, let's remember Rev. John Wise of Ipswich, MA who was seen, almost 100 years later, as the inspiration for the document normally associated with the War, the Declaration of Independence. The Col. Gardner mentioned above was related to Rev. John through their Gardner lineage. Both are kin. 

 

Remarks: Modified: 05/18/2025

05/18/2025 - 

Eric W. Gardner

TL;DR -- Eric Wright Gardner, descendant of two sons, George and Samuel, of Thomas and Margaret, died recently. We offer condolences to the parents, family and friends of Eric and provide some information about Eric. His father wrote of the Magna Carta for The Gardner Annals in 2016. In that regard, we find ourselves at another milestone for that memorable document. 

--

We have covered a sampling of descendants through the generations since time of Thomas Gardner and Margaret Fryer. Our brief look at each of the children and their descendants can be considered a start. 

As an example, the following link is to information about the 5th son and his descendants over the four centuries.  

Samuel Gardner -- Dr. Frank, the author, whose work led to the 1907 and 1933 books is of this line. As well, Dr. Frank was an editor, and a major force behind the publication, of The Massachusetts Magazine.  

Today, we commemorate Eric W. Gardner (1965-2025) who is a descendant of both George and Samuel, through his mother and father, respectively. In terms of the book, the 1933 edition was of the family of George while the 1907 book principally covered known descendants of Samuel. 

Obituary

A nephew of Ann, Eric grew up in Fort Worth, TX and attended school in TX and OK. Eric's career as a weatherman was inspired by Harold Taft of Fort Worth and took him from Texas to Wyoming, Montana, and South Dakota where he was a meterologist at KOTA-TV of Rapid City. 

Eric's other interest were music, cooking, and wine. With his musical interest in the piano, Eric continued his involvement by helping to arrange local performances for visiting pianists. He held regular broadcasts concerning recipes, healthy eating, and cooking lessons. He was knowledgeable about wine and arranged local support for wineries of NAPA Valley and other locations.   

---

Eric's father, Jonathan Gardner, authored our article on the Magna Carta (800th Anniversary), The Gardner Annals, Volume III, Number 1. In 2025, we have the celebration of the 810th aniversary related to King Henry I, son of King John, and his interest in the Magna Carta which needs an update related to technology (Magna Carta, technical).  

Remarks: Modified: 05/21/2025

05/21/2025 - Visitation/Memorial, today. Guestbook. 

May Day, 2025

TL;DR -- The first day of May is about 1/2 way down the path to summer from spring. Our interest orginally was Hawthorne's look at Merry Mount and its maypole. But, the 400ths became a reality and diverted attention. So, we will get the theme/meme back in operation. 

--

The first day of May is about 1/2 way down the path of spring toward summer. In that sense, it's like the Ground Hog day of February which gives some relief to winter. This year, there was a brief pause between major winter storm systems. Now, we're in the pause before the summer's heat and its storms. 

If one searches on "maypole"in this blog, several posts come up. Early on in our work, we were researching cousin Hawthorne and found out about Merry Mount and Endicotts distaste for the "hippy" environment in that area. So, we thought that the U.S. could claim to have been involved in hedonism from early on, or something like that. 

Harthorne wrote of the incident which we feature here. 

•  The Maypole that infuriated the puritans

 

By 2016, we had made progress in some areas and did a post on this May 1st while pointing to work on the Bosworth research which came back into focus this past month. This might become a regular topic.

In 2023 on Memorial Day, we did a post that pointed to earlier posts as Memorial Day's focus is right down our alley. Since then, we have had a post every year and will do so this year. In 2023, we went back and sampled a one post from each May back to the beginning. 

That might be a good theme/meme to use by quarter so as to pull old posts back into scope.

We figured that we could include Merrymount with Quincy which is a mere five miles from Weymouth which had its 400th in 2022. Other settlements in that area are expected within the next few years with their tales. 

Things associated with May 1:

• May Day 
• International Worker Day 
• Lei Day (Hawaii) 
• ...

Given the emphasis lately via the hyped look at GenAI/LLM, we might want to get back to realizing what human workers have done over the eons and, of late, the centuries. 

Though, this theme/meme might have four pieces. We mentioned 2/2 as well as 5/1. To be complete, 8/1 and 11/1 need some attention. We will look at that. 

Remarks: Modified: 05/01/2025

05/01/2025 -- 

Bunker Hill of early LA

TL;DR -- DTLA is known for its forest of scrapers clustered on or near Bunker Hill West which is an example of the influence of New England. The rise of fakery, such as we see with GenAI/LLM, has put more importance on existing photo caches that carry historic value. So, we show some early scenes from LA which underwent several transformations in a little over 100 years. But, using the Bunker Hill area, we can pinpoint a few instances that are of value to history. 

---

In our research of the expansion of the U.S. during the times of COVID, we referenced the commercial aspects of overland travel several times. That was mainly to carry mail, commerce and people. Of the activity that we looked at, we always found New England connections. 

• St Louis MO to San Francisco CA - this was pre-Civil War. Our post showed the schedule and the route. From that research, we looked at several things including the people involved, early LA, the route itself, and more. 

One of those connections was that in hilly Los Angeles, the downtown itself early on nestled under hills. One of these was given the name of Bunker Hill West and have had many posts. Old L.A. and the U.S. is an example. In that posts, one of the images was a very early photo which was of the area where the Overland Stage came in. Times Mirror (old employer of John) came to be in that area, too. There are other connections related to New England families who came out and developed the area. 

These photos are all from the 1860s and shows that phase of the development of LA. Bunker Hill West? It is where all of those skyscrapers now sit, upon a hilly area that was leveled. In the period that we will look at, the hills were first tunneled under so that there could be regular traffic (days of horse power, but commerce was increasing as was the population). 

Today, we saw a colorized copy of a photo provided in the "Old L.A. and the U.S." post. The photo is next. All of the subsequent photos are from the same source (Water and Power Associates) which we will do another post on, especially now that we have GenAI/LLM trashing the internet. 

Taken from Poundcake Hill
On the right, we see part of Bunker hill
1868 - colorized

Now, this photo has the legend of these building which are numbered. "65" labels where the Overland activity took place. This area was a stopover both ways, the St. Louis route went to San Francisco and back. 

The following photo is of the same area, but it is from a position on Bunker Hill West. From Poundcake, one would have gone to the right to Bunker Hill and then taken a few steps along the hill. Again, there is a legend. 

Now, the next photo shows the same area, but off the hill, in the 1870s. The first high school had been built which sat upon Poundcake hill.  

High school (with the tower)
on Poundcake Hill
1878

In our next posts, we will look at the end of the Mexican era which corresponds with the arrival of Jedediah Strong Smith. New Spain was in the region long before this time. The earliest involvment of New England can be associated with the Bella Union Hotel. An adobe structure was built in 1832 and was the residence of the New Englander. The building was also an office for the Mexican government. By the time of the Overland Stage, it had built up to be used for office work. 

We have mentioned the hotel and offer this map from 1871. Being an illustration, it doesn't show the contours and limits of Bunker Hill West, but one can see how LA was in a valley and had a agriculture focus. Streets were established early; this scene shows Main and Spring as they come in from the countryside and meet where the LA City Hall now stands (built in the 1930s). 

Both St. Vibriana's and the Old Plaza Church are prominent by this time. Where the roads end at the green hills (idealized presentation), now we see the DTLA scrapers nestled along several blocks as they sit on reduced hills.That accomplishment, itself, is worth some attention as well as the attempts at bringing water into the area. 

But, the main focus will be the transitions through time by culture and the artifacts (buildings). LA is unique in having such speed of alteration. 

Remarks: Modified: 04/27/2025

04/26/2025 -- 

Taming GenAI/LLM

TL;DR -- After watching the reactions, responses, choices and ramifications of choices over the past two years, we will step up to what we had determined when we first saw GenAI/LLM. 

---

We have had a lot of posts on GenAI/LMM over the past two years. Looking at papers, comments and such, in the environment of discussions across the board, there seems to be several patterns emerging depicting the evolution and adaptation in response to the phenomena. 

Looking at this huge variety of opinion can be fun and sometimes interesting, but it also is a huge time waster. After all, GenAI/LLM are known wasters of energy (the real stuff that comes with a cost of using up natural resources). We need more than that. 

Okay, let's start to look at the issues needing attention. Immediately, that puts us on an imperative search as several are pending. Fortunately, we can use a modern book for a basis, from 1986, as it looked at the issues of mathematics and its child, computing, with a thorough sweep across time. 

But, Kant was left out but can be reintroduced while we expand our series related to these themes. Earlier, we looked at one translator, Paul Carus, who came to the U.S. (a common theme for us in all endeavors, as New England has (and has had) a long reach. 

Follow our series as we expand concurrently along the themes of meaning in the senses of man/machine and of being: Taming GenAI/LLM. 

---

Addendum: Rather than add in via "Remarks", here are three posts from today that represent changes in the general knowledge plus decisions related to the future. 

• ADVANCING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE EDUCATION FOR AMERICAN YOUTH 
• How SAM’s Conceptual Layer Can End Hallucinations
• Here’s How Big the AI Revolution Really Is, in Four Charts

Remarks: Modified: 04/24/2025

04/24/2025 -- 

King Slayer's Court, redux

TL;DR -- Bosworth and Gardner came up after we had looked at a Welsh family who had purportedly been involved in the battle. We assisted getting the information published in a blog, Gardner's Beacon, and The Gardner Annals. Recently, new information is available which is potentially remarkable in both its content and in its history. In other words, King Slayer's Court has been updated. 

--

Back in the prior decade, we looked at All Things Gardner as we heard from many families and tried to make sense of all of the data. As we worked, we tried to lay down data to serve as milestones and even guideposts, eventually. 

David T. Gardner contacted us about his research on Bosworth. We helped him get organized (31 Dec 2017) for posting to his blog:

• 
  King Slayer's Court (Top 10 Finds) (05/10/2025 - missing URLs removed - search at King Slayer's Court) -- This site has been updated recently to catch up with information flow from research, see "Top 10 Finds To Date: April 15th 2025". The stories about Wyllyam Gardynyr have been within David's family for generations. He took advantage of the emerging technology to dive deeper. The find of Richard III"s body was a boon since it brought attention to the importance of Bosworth as well introduced data that science could help interpret. Richard III was re-interned with ceremony fitting a King. In the meantime, there have been publications about Gardiners and the Tudors. For instance, Douglas Richardson had ventured into the area. I talked to him briefly about the work with David. He was interested. ...

The emergence of what became known as GenAI/LLM occurred in November of 2022. Since then, the world has coped with the introduction and all of the ramifications that are huge. We have paid close attention and see that 2025 has created a split: believer (many are using the technology in daily business - the jury is still out (I say, expect some surprises that were predictable); sceptic (many have reactions that might not be balanced). 

---

Where we stand? Having been involved with advanced computing throughout John's career, he reminds us that the introduction of this new technology was not considered (lengthy discussion). Too, this stuff, at its basis, is emergent from buckets of bits from which we ought not expect intelligence to display itself (that discussion will continue). So, he is not sceptical so much, as cautious, given his experience plus having been trained in the culture (Greco-Roman - classical) that fostered the development of science. One thing that seems to have been introduced along with the scientific ability? Marketing and creative writing took upon themselves the abilities enabled by technology in order to introduce newer, and more powerful, techniques. We have not recovered from that. And, must for a sustainable economy, with computing and technology as important players. That is, there is no fair balance establish between the top-down view of marketing and that necessary bottom-up one of engineering/science. 

---

David reports that he found that Grok (of xAI) allowed image processing which brought up several things formerly missed. OCR is one of the capabilities. It helped determine that a "C" rather a "G" got a lot of data miscategorized. Other means, or reaons, for the material having been ignored need discussion, too. 

After opening that door, Grok was "prompted" to pursue various avenues and report then. Right now, this activity has generated a lot of output which needs to be scrutinized.

The "10 Finds" (above) is an example of some coming overviews which will allow discussion while data gathering and research run along. For us, we will review the activity to date and determine how to proceed. 

This is one type of area that we want to use an "AI" for as well as looking at the multiple layers of code involved with any computational event. These are wide-open areas of research requiring strict scrutiny. 

At the same time, as things go toward the more creative (and there are many reasons that this might be acceptable), we would wish that the GenAI/LLM (or other tool) involved in such activities be identified. Some are calling for all artificial output to be watermarked some way. 

As said, this is a totally new area. 

Remarks: Modified: 05/27/2025

05/10/2025 -- URLs disappeared; removed pointers.  

05/11/2025 -- New work starting; created a Bosworth label. 

05/27/2025 -- David T Gardner discovered that GenAI/LLM led him astray. We will let him tell the tale. Essentially, David's work over the decades has resulted in several documents that suggest more work needs to be done. But, the notions related to his theme of Gardynyr killing Richard III have some merit. That work will continue. The confabulations from technology are another matter that have our interest. 

Awareness month -- Mathematics, Statistics

TL;DR -- April is Math/Stat awareness month; we will recognize that effort in April and throughout the year. 

--

Did you know it's Mathematics and Statistics Awareness Month?

Our emphasis on technology includes the applied fields of mathematics and its offshoot, statistics. We have even suggested that STEM become MSET+ which would put mathematics into its position as the basis, in a sense. "a basis" would be more appropriate, as we are talking about a human-based activity despite some claims of proponents of GenAI/LLM. 

So we are aware. However, that April is the awareness month for Math/Stat goes back to the time of President Reagan (1986) and has been honored since then. In 2017, the American Statistical Association merged their effort with that of the American Mathematical Society to create the MSAM which is a "program of the Joint Policy Board for Mathematics (JPBM)—a collaborative effort of the American Mathematical Society, the American Statistical Association, the Mathematical Association of America, and the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics."

We will support that effort every April as well as during the year with respect to the technical aspect of our work. 

Remarks: Modified: 04/17/2025

04/17/2025 

Where was Salem?

TL;DR -- The first battle is rapidly approaching. Salem MA has already weighed in. We will pay attention and keep pointing back to earlier research work that bears significance. 

--

The Lexington & Concord turmoil is coming up with respect to its 250th (19th of April). We have written of this event, several times. As things go forward from here, we have until 2033 to observe the revolution as never done before. 

We can start with a post at the Streets of Salem blog. 

• Salem is a No-Show at Lexington and Concord -- great article full of details. Technology is great when it works. So, expect that the 250th and the 400ths of various sites will be fleshing in history as never seen before. 

We used this as an opportunity to point to our work. In particular, Dr. Frank was editor and supporter of an effort at publishing the history of Essex County of Massachusetts. He wrote a series of the Regiments who were at the Boston affair that followed this one. Officers of each organization are identifed with some information being provided. 

This is an image of my comment to the post. 

 

• Links:
• https://thomasgardnerofsalem.blogspot.com/2015/07/regimental-history-series-background.html
• https://thomasgardnerofsalem.blogspot.com/p/tmm.html 

Remarks: Modified: 04/14/2025

04/14/2025 

A trillion cuts by GenAI

TL;DR -- We saw a Chrome report which featured Gemini with respect to Gardner KS and its role in the trails west, one of which was the Oregon Trail. And, the report was not right. "Who cares?" has been my response to having Gemini spout off. I ignored it like I am very good at doing with ads. But, today, I read and saw errors. Okay. What to do? There is no method now. People are training these things. I say, you will not train out the crap. Okay. I wrote this post as an intro and was going to snap the Gemini report and mark it like a teacher would do an exercise. Oh, Gemini, my sweets, you left without telling me. What?  

---

Our purposes are several. An important one we have named as All Things Gardner. There are lots of families with the name Gardner. "What's in a name?", we asked once: Amelia Earhart. 

We have been at this genealogy and history work since 2010, learning as we go. On the other hand, we have decades of advanced computing experience under our belt (mainly, situations requiring precision). So, our work here has been largely abetted by computing which has changed in so many ways in the past 20 years (2 decades of decline in some areas). 

We have striven to be correct as to former work. But, we know that is not sufficient. Technology has aided in the digitizing of old records which have been analyzed via human effort and mechanical means such as OCR. A case in point is that we do not know the origins of Thomas Gardner about whose progeny we know a lot due to records over the past 400 years. So, that is an issue to resolve. 

As we work the solution, we have adopted a category: OpEd (category). That will be used to label any of the former posts that touch upon the subject. The information will not be entirely wrong. So, when we figure out the corrections we will make them. Until then, someone can still follow our approach and analysis as we looked at new material. 

Aside: the genealogy crowd split Thomas Gardner into two guys, one who was at Cape Ann with the Dorchester Company and one who is the ancestor of a whole lot of folks. Myself? I think that they are the same guy or were father and son. Both of those alternatives have some basis. The intent will be to find the truth: A Thomas here and a Thomas there. 

And, we would like technology to be of assistance. And, it can. See Bosworth and Gardner, with new revelations coming about of late through use of the facilities of Grok. How well this will stand up though remains to be determined. The battle settled the 100-year war (some use, War of the Roses - I say, cousin war - needless bickering). 

Anyway, this post will look at Gemini which we have liked. But, it is now on the top of a search report. And, I was trying to look at Gardner, KS being right this minute not far from that place. We have had many posts on the little town which we have buzzed by on I35 for countless times. 

• Independence and Kansas City - this post reported on a recent talk about the trails that split at Gardner KS. For more information, see this search on Gardner KS. 

---

Now, that was an intro. Here is the gist of the post. This image was snapped from a Chrome query today. ... Wait, did not snap the earlier search. Now, Gemini has disappeared from its featured position. 

Inserted as placeholder 4/11/25 0457 AM CDT

--- 

Note (04/11/25 0458 AM CDT): the absence stopped the flow. "How to handle?" was the question. The following text is from the post from last night. The image was to show what Chrome was presenting. 

---  

Actually, earlier, when I read the Gemini summary, I scrolled and found this first on the list which is from the National Park Service. Gardner was a stop on the earlier Santa Fe trail which was largely commercial going from St. Louis as the gateway to New Spain. 

That trail passed through Independence MO. So, Oregon traffic followed that same route to Gardner and then turned to the north and west going by Lawrence KS which is the site of the University of Kansas which was founded by a group of New Englanders who came out, including women, by that same trail through Gardner KS.

Later, young bucks in a hurry figured that they could take the Missouri River north from Independence past St. Joseph MO into Nebraska and head west from there. Guess what? They eventually met up with the travelers who had come up through Gardner. What did the folks in a hurry gain? Maybe, two days, perhaps a little more. 

But, gold gets the blood boiling. Like? Things easily hyped. 

Note (04/10/2025 2100 CDT) - On going to the Google development mode, I see that there is a new button ("Vibe") which I have been reading about. Sometimes, I might add as it sounded like the usual affair of misdirected enthusiasm. Whatever is going on in the background with this problem will settle down. Then, I'll use this topic for a deeper look. In any case, running into a "tantrum" however invoked does not make for stable knowledge processing. 

Remarks: Modified: 04/11/2025

04/11/2025 (about 0500 CDT) -- Put in proxy of the expected image and a note to explain. Something related to "Who moved my cheese?" (when did that become normal?). 

04/11/2025 (0738 CDT) -- It's back, AI Overview. But, buried under a label. The only quibble is the use of intersection for a split. I dealt with precision in highly technical engineering support work (computational modeling). 

Kudos, somewhat. Let's talk.

Bosworth through the eyes of technology

TL;DR -- Bosworth? Know about it? This is where the Tudors came to be as the Plantagenets were cut out of the game (of Thrones). Well, only the male lineage. The female portions always live on. Recent abilities allow new insights into the 22 Aug 1485 event which is a mere 125 years from the colonial start (fuzzy numbers suffice). Abilities? GenAI as a mathematical marvel? Finally, we have a chance to look at the capability with the intent to tone down the hype that is missing the point of it all. 

---

This post has two purposes. One deals with the latest rage of technology that is commonly known as AI (we will use GenAI). We have argued that the current phenomenal abilities of GenAI are not due to some critter which is "sentient" but that they represent long years of mathematical work culminating in a mode that is suitable to exercise by the circuitry and software of computing. As such, this post will provide the start of a necessary bit of discussion. The second purpose is to point to recent work that uses GenAI and that represents an opportunity to look at the good, the bad, and the ugly. 

Let's start with the announcement of genealogical/historical research results. We link to two posts (05/10/2025 - missing URLs removed - search at King Slayer's Court). 

• 1 - Updated Press Release: A 540-Year Conspiracy Unveiled – The Lost Ledgers of Bosworth Rewrite History (Bedtime story; Lost Ledgers; Untold story) 
• 2 - Untold Story: The Death of Richard the III (pdf), By Sir Wyllyam Gardynyr  

The first post looks at decades of research that started from hearing family stories. The topic deals with the Battle of Bosworth where King Richard III was killed. As a reminder, research determined the spot where his remains were placed after the Battle. In 2012, after much research with respect to location, they dug through the surface of a parking lot and found the body. Subsequent analysis indicated that the remains were of the King. 

Too, his skull had been fractured. The tales of the family involved the details of how a member (yoeman - commoner) struck the blow. That has been scoffed at over the centuries and over the decades that David T. Gardner did his queries. 

The second post takes informaton provided by GenAI based upon sources that finally were digitized and pulls them into a narrative as if written by Wyllyam Gardynyr. As we do our analysis, we will help sort the various attempts at presentation into a scheme where veracity is measured and reported. That is, as with most things, we see the tip of the iceberg. That itself will become clear with GenAI as we proceed in a mature manner. 

We first heard from David in 2014 as a comment to our post, Historical Genealogy. That post was from November of 2010 when we had first started doing research. David's comment was in 2014. We noticed and responded in 2016. At that time, we started to correspond and did this post: King Slayer's Court. We started to look at David's work and published a few of his articles. Per usual, he was bumping up against official opinions. Through digging, he kept finding information pointed to his family's tales being right. 

So, let's switch to technology. We have had lots of posts on GenAI. There many of examples of GenAI that are available. Opinions about this phenomenon of the past two years (first released to public use in November of 2022) vary with sides drawn. It has good and bad properties. On the good side, it resonates with people but is thought to lead them astray. But, the best part is that the underlying mathematics is worthy of our attention as it represents what can be done. 

Needless to say, these open issues will continue to be on the radar for several reasons that we have tried to address. But, getting back to David's work, he had made progress hearing from groups like the Richard III Society and from experts dealing with the history of Westminster. But, recently, a GenAI was tried which had digitized sources from the time period and location. 

On honing in via queries (some say, prompts), David pulled out documents that confirmed what he had been looking for. Ostensibly, we will add and explain below. 

In the meantime, David has written several articles that will be released over the few days and weeks. These deal in detail with Bosworth, but there is additional detail that deals with the Gardner family and the unknown dynamics of this Battle that was the last one of the War of the Roses. So, this is significant both for the history of England as well as for the opportunity to look closely at GenAI from a perspective that is serious. 

Genealogy is not an easy study in terms of trying to prove lineage of a person. The U.S.A. will see the 250th this year of activities related to its start. This month, in fact, was when the Battles of Lexington and Concord happened in Massachusetts between English troops and the supposed rabble rousers of the colonials. We have had many posts on that theme: Two houses, for example, looks at one family and their activity from the start (400 year vew) and during the revolution. One house is associated with the Society of Cincinnati whose members are males with direct descendany from a Revolutionary War Officer. There are many such organizations, such as the Daughters of the American Revolution. 

But, the Bosworth event was in the late 1400s which is three to four generations before the colonial effort took place. From a technology sense, this opportunity (for me) is priceless. For one, it shows technology allowing better document handling; then, there is the indexing and search facility that allows documents to be matched up; too, the prose generation abilities are nice. But, that brings up one huge focus which will be to scrutinize all of this and determine where things might have gone awry which puts an onus on creativity as this is an open field of study.  

Definitely, mathematics will be lifted to scrutiny in a manner not available before. How that will work is manifold in scope but overdue for attention. 

Let's use this post as a starting point: 22 Aug 1485. We'll end this post with an image. 

Bosworth 

Note: This activity on the part of our organization pertains to truth engineering. 

Remarks: Modified: 05/27/2025

04/04/2025 -- Press release disappeared; put in other links. 

05/10/2025 -- URLs disappeared at King Slayer's Court. Removed pointers. 

05/11/2025 -- New work starting; created a Bosworth label. 

05/27/2025 -- David T Gardner discovered that GenAI/LLM led him astray. We will let him tell the tale. Essentially, David's work over the decades has resulted in several documents that suggest more work needs to be done. But, the notions related to his theme of Gardynyr killing Richard III have some merit. That work will continue. The confabulations from technology are another matter that have our interest. 

Women behind Eniac

TL;DR -- As the computer gets more power, attention, credit, and misuse, there will be a continual need for good information (whose veracity and provenance can be established) plus some historical framework with which to guide judgmental requirements. This post looks at early computer work and women who were involved. Several sites are referenced which are exemplary in their effort at telling the tales. 

--

The recent issue of IEEE's Spectrum had an article about early compiler work done by Grace Hopper. We had an earlier post about Hopper's computing work (von Neumann; Hopper) in which we looked at the issues involved with programming the computer. In earlier days, this activity was done in what is considered machine language which is highly detailed due to the need to focus on specifics of getting the input in to the computer, getting it to do something, and then return results. Progress over the years involved stepping back from the machine level and trying to control the computer with higher-order languages. 

The Spectrum article was titled "From punch cards to Python" and featured one of the early compilers that Hopper worked on. There were other methods used before punch cards, but we can defer looking at that. Also, algorithms were the main theme from the beginning. The women were involved with early development such as a sort method that Hopper picked up for her algorithm. Before looking at other women (Betty Holberton -- more below) who worked with Hopper, let's follow one of the links that was in the Spectrum article.

It is at the Hidden Heroes site with the title of Grandma COBOL: How Grace Hopper made computers more human. COBOL was an early language which was used for business computing and is still in use. Python is a modern language that has found use in machine learning. Over the intermediate decades, there were many other languages created. 

Machine learning? It has been a hot topic for two years now and has been mentioned in many of our posts as we discuss technology. A recent trend deals with having a machine "co-pilot" development of a program which can be used to represent what AI might bring to the table and serve as a foil for discussion of things that relate to progress and people. Again, we defer that topic as it will be an ongoing one since there are no simple answers. 

Now, we will look at another link that was in the Spectrum article. The title of the article was "The Women behind Eniac" which provides information about Betty Holberton who was in the group at UPenn who were doing mathematical calculations for the Army. 

That brings us to the last topic which is a comment about the work at the Engineering and Technology History Wiki which is a good example of positive contributions via the internet and has been in operation since the aughts (2008 or so).  

Note: John has a special interest as he worked on two projects with Sperry Univac. The first dealt with wafer-scale integration, in the early 1980s. The second set the basis for continuing work until the present time: Knowledge Systems Center. Expect more posts on the ladies and these themes related to technology. 

Remarks: Modified: 03/31/2025

03/31/2025 -- The IEEE article mentions earlier work that influenced Hopper's decisions. This is a common mode of operation that needs attention in the modern world of hype. 

Finally, DNA?

TL;DR -- Since 2013, we have been studying material and collecting supporting information. Too, we have read results far and wide. This approach is an example of technology being used many times from a pure marketing thrust. We do need a balance of business and science. However, we never had this figured out in our cultures; the computer, especially with GenAI brought in, exacerbates potential problems. The strategy to manage that consists of mature processes and models. And so, let's open this can of worms and look at it regularly. 

---

In 2013, when we were newbies of three years, we started to get queries about DNA, in particular, specific questions about the Gardners of which there are many (Gardners & Gardners). This list has post that were on the topic of DNA.

03 Apr 2015   Richard III and Gardner

14 May 2016  DNA and genealogy  

31 May 2016  Admissibility

04 Jan 2017    DNA, again

07 Dec 2018   DNA in use

29 Jun 2019    Back to DNA

24 May 2020  Major players

04 Jun 2020    Back to DNA, II

Of late, we have reason to get back to this topic. The post from 14 May 2016 has a list of pointers to other blogs and sites that provide necessary information pertaining to the DNA projects, the technical concerns, the mathematical modeling, and especially the computational support that is involved with this type of analysis. 

Remarks: Modified: 03/17/2025

03/17/2025 -- 

Independence and Kansas City

TL;DR -- Trails were and still are in the sense of leaving tracks on the landscape (several places along the Santa Fe and Oregon Trails. And, now the Interstate Highway system with all of the national, state, and local roads. And, going further, even now dirt roads as tracks. Sometimes converted railroad tracks. 

--

With all that is going on in the world, and in the U.S., it is time to look back at the past. In 2020, we got the opportunity to spend time looking at the interior of the country which is huge. In terms of time, we had a frontier century (post has copy of photo of Lawrence, KS by Gardner). We got to learn about the trails and the cities that cropped up (theme of this post). We determined that there was a lost generation or two (Boone was real; officer in the US Revolution; Longhunter; traipser of land (all the way past KC with time spent in western MO) in the movement that came to fore as we looked at the upcoming 250th of the US under the auspices of the Daughters of the American Revolution. Doing applications for some requires lots of additional work. 

Before 2020, we had looked at the trails and those earlier like Jedediah Strong Smith. Gardner, KS was seen as a hub of traffic and activity. Also, we had looked at both land and sea traffic to the left coast (Old LA and the US - as in Los Angeles, CA - in particular, Bunker Hill West, where the culture went back to New Spain and then through several cultural shifts to the current canyons of high rises).

---

Now, to the theme. We saw a video of a talk about the trails and how they came into Kansas City and left. It was of the first part of which there will be another. We mentioned Gardner, KS where 3 Trails split. The Oregon went over the Wakarusa River into the Lawrence area and then up to Nebraska. Even in that trek, the rigors of getting people and goods across the land was obvious, especially trying to get over waterways which were boons and banes (mostly the latter for many). 

The talk: How Independence & Kansas City Became Trailheads for the Oregon/California/Santa Fe Trails, Part 1. The following image came from the talk. On the map (a modern map showing some roads), Independence, MO (where Pres. Truman came from) is on the upper right. Gardner, KS is on the lower left. 

Indepencence, MO
Gardner, KS

In the top middle, notice Wesport which is on the Missouri River. After a little bit of time, impatient travelers (read, young men off to the coast with gold fever) realized that they could take the river up past St. Joseph, MO (famous for the Pony Express) and then a little further north, they could head west in Nebraska. While doing that, they would meet travelers coming up from Gardner, KS. But, they would have cut several days off the journey. 

OCTA, sponsors of the research and talk

---

Notice that this is about the early times. The railroad came into play after the Civil War. 

Generations? By this time, say before the Civil War, we were to the 8th generation from the start of New England. The Revolution was mostly of the 5th generation. 

Cultures? As we have noted, there were the News: Spain; France; England; Sweden; ... The left coast allows us to look at the first; Quebec, Canada is representative of the second; we had both a North and and a South for the third; and so forth. 

---

KC? MO and KS. Missouri and Kansas. We need to look at the area a little further. It's known for beef and barbeque. Well, cattle came up from TX to be shipped east to the hungry easterners. Too, the breadbasket founded itself on the rich lands of the area. Boone, as said, was there early. It's sister city in MO, St. Louis, was the administrative and bureaucratic and entertainment hub. See early Missouri, for instance. 

Remarks: Modified: 03/17/2025

03/17/2025 -- 

 

What's in a photo

TL;DR -- A comparison of an old and a new photo in the context of Boston which is coming up on its 400th year allows us to establish a necessary discussion with respect to technology of the sorts that seem to foster hype thereby interfering with proper engineering and science. 

--- 

We saw two photos on Facebook in a post by the Lost New England (see the two photos) group which has been looking at former times in New England through old photos. 

Aside 1: We have been doing this with regard to what was called Bunker Hill (west) in Los Angeles. It's the upper northwest part of the DTLA area bounded by the modern freeways which are a gift of the 20th century. The  writer of this post lived in two areas on that hill back in 1963 which was before the modernization efforts started. 

The image to the right is a snippet from the combination of the two photos. The hazy top part is from the 1840s as an example of early photo-graphy. It required a long exposure time, but the content shows that it had been done right after a snow which would have decreased traffic. 

The lower part is recent. In both cases, this is the King's Chapel Burying Ground of Boston which took burials from the time of John Winthrop (who was interned there) up to the early part of the 20th century. 

The text of the FB post mentions that the photographer was Dr. Samuel Bemis and that the photo now is in a collection at J. Paul Getty Museum which is in Los Angeles, CA. 

Aside 2: Photos of early Los Angeles can come from several places. The collection at the Water and Power organization has been organized with an index. This post (Old L.A. and the U.S.) covers some of the themes of interest. For instance, regular coach traffic (wheeled vehicle pulled by horses across the country) regularly went from St. Louis (MO) to LA (CA) and SF (CA) via the southern border. That effort was driven by New England families, hence our effort. Too, it represents technology through time. That route ceased with the onset of the U.S. Civil War. Traffic went up north. In 20 years post the Civil War, the railroad had made progress in tying together the left and right coasts. 

Now, getting back to the photo and its comparison at two points in time, There is a lot to say and study. A comment on FB has been copied here (see below). However, as we pause before going on, there was work to list those whose body was interned, with John Winthrop on the list. We have other familiar names and will use this list for future posts. 

• Boston 400 blog -- King’s Chapel is Boston oldest burying place. The site was part of Isaac Johnson’s estate. Johnson was an esteemed early settler, who was the first to be interred on the site in September 1630. Early graves and tombs were scattered randomly throughout the grounds, with no formal pathways.  In the early in the 19th century, the City of Boston arranged headstones in rows and made paths to make the site more accessible to the public. Like the majority of Boston’s burying grounds, it has always been under municipal control and not affiliated with any church.

------ Share, comment on FB ----- 

This shows an event from a period of time, where all involved are phenomenal. ... Unlike a photo wannabe from an event on heated mineral formed into circuitry which we can call buckets of mineral bits which create virtual bits (multiply so - and across the framework of Ma Nature's world - doing lots of different types of pollution that through time are choking us and reality, too) that form more virtual bits which waff, essentially, so as to influence us in ways not all known, at this time. 

Even millions and zillions of these wannabe photos brought into a video cannot capture even a mere piece of the reality shown here. 

Further, bringing these buckets, now minituarized into some encapsulation of minerals and plastic (Kant's a priori and synthetic - a bit) which Asimov and others dreamt of cannot replicate what was lost, namely "essence", cognitively for us (but, it's there, folks) - which is of time and space, and, guess what? time-space or space-time. Which we all know.

----

That is a reference to the technology arguments that we will be making with respect to the basis of machine learning and its wonders. They deal largely with applied mathematics being used as it ought have been for decades. The computer brings new advantages that we can discuss. It does not come to life and get the "smarts" associated with living beings. 

Remarks: Modified: 03/09/2025

03/09/2025 -- 

 

250 Years of Liberty

TL;DR -- The 250th lookbacks demonstrates modern technology and how it will allow better assessment of past events, especially with respect to people and their families. The massacre at Boston is an example. John Adams established a U.S. milestone, thereby getting some fame, though the initial reactions were not favorable. 

--

We have had several posts on the upcoming 250th which has been in focus for a while in terms of planning and reporting activity leading up to the event associated with Lexington and Concord. Planning started more than a decade ago, with groups such as the Daughters of the American Revolution.  

Another example event was the Boston Tea Party the 250th of which was in 2023. Given that we are one year from the Declaration, we will have regular reports of events from those times that got the U.S. going. At the same time, we will continue our focus on the post-Revolution activity leading to the expansion of the interior the U.S., especially the interior and the west (left) coast. 

Today, we will point to a couple of Facebook Groups which recently provided information about the Boston Massacre. 

• 250Years America's Founding - This post (Judgement of Death) covers the Boston Massacre which was an event in 1770 that was confictual. Some Brit soldiers fired on people. John Adams (cuz) was appointed as defense. John wasn't popular for a bit. He and Abigail (cuz) left Boston so as to have some peace. Ah, America at its best. 
• 250YearsofLiberty - This site has posts pertinent to the Revolution. Lots of things have happened to this day. We, then, have several years before peace came to be. The topic now is the Boston Massacre (Wikipedia) which happened March 5th. 

Concurrent with the Revolution, there will be continual reflection on towns coming into being 400 years ago. Coming up next year will be the movement from Cape Ann to what became Salem. We will relook at the upcoming timeline for communities in the area in a future post. 

The bloody massacre
Paul Revere (engraving)

Remarks: Modified: 03/17/2025

03/17/2025 -- Used Wikipedia for the image source. FB (Meta) is flaky. To the max. 

Women's History Month, 2025

TL;DR -- March is the month to look at the women's history in all of its aspects. 

--

March 8th is International Women's Day this year. StreetsofSalem put together a walking tour of houses for to look at Salem women's history. Houses in the tour are associated with these families: Crowinshield; Emmerton; Peabody; Saltonstall; Adams; and more. 

---

March is Women's History month in the U.S. and many other parts of the worlds. We have had a post for this the past three years. 

• Women's History Month, 2024
• Women's History Month, 2023 
• Women's History Month, 2022

The prior posts have a list, current at the time, of material from other sites and this blog. 

The Bohrs

We have had several posts over the past year which focused on a woman. Here are a few. 

• Mary Gardner Bolyston -- Considers a couple of threads that lead up to the generation of John and Abigail Adams who featured in the time of the U.S. Revolution. 
• von Neumann, Hopper -- Given some of the recent controversy related to GenAI and computer software, this post looks at the view of two pioneers in the field, one of which was Admiral Grace Hopper. 
• Lady Science -- In our research, we ran into a blog that has a focus on women in science. One example is Margrethe Nørland Bohr who worked with her husband in the early days of quantum research. 

Since we have a technology focus, coverage of work by women will be mostly technical. 

Remarks: Modified: 03/08/2025

03/08/2025 -- 

Humanizing mathematics

TL;DR -- GenAI is everywhere for the good and the bad. Which is which? There are  many themes like this that need attention. One thing to address is how humans and mathematics go together. Along that line, we have to address the history and philosophy of mathematics, in general. But, then, those aspects of the discipline dealing with computing and GenAI (and AGI), in particular, require special attention. 

---

We have been trying to avoid use of GenAI, in general, while a few issues get worked out. That is not a "luddite" approach as we have studied several of these and definite knowledge about how things went awry. As a reminder, here are some of our posts: ChatGpt; Bard, later Gemini; GenAI. 

Of late, Google has a summary in Chrome which is from Gemini's take on the matter at hand. This applies to any search. 

Example, we looked for material related to "humanizing mathematics" which is now a growing topic due to the emergence on the landscape of GenAI. This comment was for a search on "humanist mathematics". 

Humanist mathematics is a way of teaching and studying mathematics that emphasizes the human aspects of the subject. It can include using history, imagery, and technology to help students understand mathematical concepts. 

Now, why mathematics? Are we picking on it? Well, it's about time that someone does. And, this is merely a small start. 

---

Before getting in that, let's look at a couple of things related to the Humanist's view.

• HumanizingMathematics and its Philosophy (book review) - "The Humanist view is contrasted with Platonism and Formalism. Platonism is the position that mathematical objects and truths  exist independently of individuals, and the obligation of mathematicians is to discover these truths. Formalism regards mathematics as the study of formal deductive systems, and  athematical truth is just provability in the system." This is a simple summary of positions; there are more which we will be getting into as the discussion continues.
• Journal of Humanistic Mathematics - Editorial from the lastest issue: "We feel strongly about the human nature of mathematics; there is a reason “humanistic” is in the title of this Journal after all! So it is quite appropriate that several articles in this issue remind us that mathematics has always flourished as a human endeavour and it is perhaps the reduction to sterile algorithms that has stripped it of interest for many students. So we are actually trying to rehumanize mathematics, to bring back that spark that leads to students looking upon their math journey in a more positive light.

Again, a major motivation is the GenAI appearance which represents a particular type of applied mathematics be used for make an argument for computer superiority. People react to that various ways which brings in psychology. But, science needs to weigh in as well. Our posts of the Nobel activity this past summer suggest another type of motivation. The subject is not simple, by any means. 

---

Frankly, to do this right, we will go back to Kant's time and look at two of his works: Prolegomena; Logic. We started with the first one in 2022, after ChatGpt and its peers were out long enough for us to know something of substance. Actually, back in the late 2010s, I started to use AIn't. In 2023, Larry Walker of the former Sperry Knowledge Systems Center used "no critter" in response to something that I had written. 

This post is a year before the onset of OpenAI's, ChatGPT, into the public sphere: How dumb is AI? This was in response to an article in the IEEE's monthly, Spectrum (Oct 2021). The graphic included in the post is to the right. Our argument was that the "black box" that was puzzling everyone was really applied mathematics in action, being driven by non-mathematicians, therefore being opaque. 

Since that time, we now see lots of mathematical analysis coming forward. Our task is to bring these notions to public view, including the C-Suite where the mentality seems to be buying into the hype prematurely. But, that's another topic or two. 

We intend to be regular in posting material. As well, we would like to hear from others on their views with respect to GenAI as well as examples of how they have put it to use or have done studies in order to determine the ins and outs. 

Remarks: Modified: 02/28/2025

02/28/2025 --